La Sangre de Los Ángeles: Testimony of MS-13 and Transnational Gang Violence from El Salvador to Los Angeles
When Orbelina fled El Salvador’s civil war for Los Angeles in 1985, she believed she was escaping violence. Instead, across generations of her family, she witnessed the same patterns of disappearance, gang violence, and impunity reemerge as MS-13 grew from a neighbourhood gang into a transnational symbol of violence and belonging.
